毎日ヘブライ語 ゼカリヤ１２：１０
毎日ヘブライ語 イザヤ６１：１
毎日ヘブライ語 １列王記１９：９
Three Tents: Biblical Survey: Jesus in the Old Testament
Prayer
Worship
Review
Jesus in the Old Testament
Seven periods of history/geography
1. Patriarchs
Books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Job
Locations: Chaldea (Genesis 1-11), Palestine (Genesis 12-36), Egypt (Genesis 37-50)
Types of Christ: …
2. Pre-kingdom
Books: Joshua, Judges, Ruth
Locations: Map
Types of Christ: …
3. United Kingdom
Books: [History] 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Chronicles, [“of David”] Psalms, [“of Solomon”] Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon
Locations: Map
Types of Christ: …
The Divided Kingdom
Precursors to division. Final reason for the divide. Results of the split in the northern kingdom…
Locations: Map
Books: [History] 2 Chronicles
Types of Christ: …
4. Until the fall of the Northern Kingdom
Books: [History] 1 Kings [Prophets to northern kingdom] Amos, Hosea, [Prophets to southern kingdom] Isaiah, Micah [Prophets to other countries] Nahum, Jonah
Types of Christ: …
5. Until the fall of the Southern Kingdom
Books: [History] 2 Kings [Prophets to southern kingdom] Joel, Zephaniah, Habbakuk, Jeremiah, Lamentaitons, [Prophets to other countries] Obadaiah
Types of Christ: …
6. Exile
Locations: Assyria, Babylon, Media, Persia
Books: Ezekiel, Daniel
Types of Christ: …
7. Aliyah
Books: [History] Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther [Prophets] Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi
Types of Christ: …
Homework:
Study one of the messianic psalms
Practice memorizing all 66 books
Prayer and worship to finish.
Three Tents: Biblical Survey: Introduction to Revelation
Prayer
Worship
Review
Introduction to Revelation
Questions for reading prophecy:
What is the historical context and what was God was saying to Israel through the prophet?
In what ways is the ungodly society in Israel and Judah in the days of the prophets similar to the ungodly society of our day?
What do these books tell us about how God interacts with His people?
Intro to Revelation
Understanding the prophetic imagery of revelation requires understanding how it references other scripture and history.
This is not scary but good news for good people. There are only 12 verses out of 403 that are worrisome to believers ... persecution that will end with the complete final victory of Christ.
We're going to look deeply into chapter 4 onwards in part 3, but for now let's read chapter 1-3.
Notes about chapter 1-3:
1. This is the revelation of Jesus. What does "of" mean?
2. Prophecy from John the elder... From the family of faith, for the family of faith, to the family of faith
3. The same John???
4. Patmos
5. Blessed is the one who reads it, blessed are those that hear, blessed are those that keep what is written in it... "the time is near"
6. How should we understand the images? "Literal"
7. Strangeness in the Greek text... encoded? written while receiving revelation?
8. The book of revelation is about a "man" and a "plan", but the more important element is the "man"... as we read this let us seek to know the man, Jesus Christ. There are many names or titles or descriptions of Jesus in just the first 3 chapters https://jwipn.com/praying-the-names-of-jesus-in-revelation-1-3/
9. Also in these three chapters there are 18 promises to christians about eternal reward.
10. Seven letters to seven churches.
https://www.thesecondcomingofchrist.org/img/Rev2a.png
Let's finish by reading 22:6-21
Homework:
consider the letters to the seven churches and ask what warnings apply to you.
Practice memorizing all 66 books
Prayer and worship to finish.
Three Tents: Biblical Survey: Letters to Disciples
Prayer
Worship
Review
Letters to Disciples
“Catholic epistles” vs. discipleship letters.
The Authors
Paul - very different writing style, Hebrews also
James - Jerusalem church, persecution, famine
Peter - after circumcision controversy, Rome
John - Ephesus, beloved disciple, pastoral gospel
Jude - Jerusalem/Judea/Samaria church, against heresy, two points of interest: Jesus exodus, Enoch quote
Questions to ask as we read:
In addition to the questions for the church epistles…
Can we feel the heart of discipleship? This is a beloved teacher speaking to me closely.
1 Timothy
Dating: Autumn of 55
Audience: Timothy... younger and disciple, sent to lead churches especially Corinth, Phillipi, later Ephesus
Outline:
1. Proper teaching Ch. 1 -- law without legalism, grace without blasphemy "holding faith and a good conscience" v19
2. Order for the church Ch. 2-3 -- Prayer, worship, overseers and deacons
3. Summary of Paul's teachings 3:14-4:5
4. Living as a community Ch 4-6 -- leadership 4:6-16, women, business people, rich
Major themes: Personal discipline as a leader, how to guide a church in different situations
Key passage: 1 Tim 3:14-4:5
2 Timothy
Dating: Fall of 58
Audience: Timothy... older now maybe in Ephesus
Outline:
Guard and protect the gospel Ch. 1
Fight and suffer for the gospel Ch. 2:1-13
Firm but gentle leadership 2:14-3:9
Live and preach the Word 3:10-4:8
Greetings 4:9-22
Major themes: Staying constant in patience, the power of the word
Key passage: 2:20-26
Titus
Dating: Late spring 57
Audience: Titus... Crete... 1:12-13
Outline:
1. The leader's task in upending culture Ch 1.
2. The church's posture in upending culture Ch2:1-10
3. The church's purpose in upending culture Ch2:11-3:15
Major themes: Bringing firm leadership to a wild culture
Key passage: 2:11-14, 3:3-8
Philemon
Dating: Summer of 58
Explain the situation .. Philemon 2, Colossians 4:17
Hebrews
Dating: 67
Audience: Question of authorship, question of audience...
Outline: Jesus is better than anything you could go back to... better messenger than angels, better prophet than Moses, better savior than Joshua, better priest than Aaron...
Key passage: Hebrews 11-12... 12:1-6, 11-17
James
Dating: 47-48
Audience: Jerusalem church
Outline: Prophetic voice... like the prophets of the old testament he cries out that we would repent and come back to God.
1:13-17, 1:22-25, 2:12, 2:18-26, 4:6-10, 5:13-16
Homework:
Study from Peter John or Jude
Practice memorizing all 66 books
Prayer and worship to finish.
Three Tents: Biblical Survey: Letters to Churches
Prayer
Worship
Review
Paul's Letters to Churches
How to read epistles
What does it mean for them? What situations are the same for us? How then should I live as a citizen of the kingdom of God?
Are there certain principles of ministry that Jesus is modeling that would be appropriate for us to imitate in our ministries?
What does the passage teach about theology?
Ephesians 3:8-9
Romans
Rome was the center of the Empire
Written in early 57
Outline:
1. Greetings 1:1-7
2. The Gospel
- Man is separated from God by sin 1:18-3:20
- Jesus brought us reconciliation with God 3:21-5:21
- The holy spirit changes us from sinners to children of God 6-8
- God gets the glory for the plan of salvation 9-11
3. Response to the gospel (application/practices) 12-15
4. Specific greetings to Roman Christians 16
Famous theme passages:
1:8-17
15:14-19
Also the Romans Road
1 Corinthians
Corinth was a famous port. Paul lived there for a year and a half.
Written in spring of 55
Outline
1. Greetings and encouragement 1:1-9
2. Against immaturity in faith 1:10-6:20
- Rebellious against leadership 1:10-4:21
- Sexual sin, legal battles 5-6
3. More specific response to his earlier letter 7-10
- Marriage, divorce, etc.
- Eating meat dedicated to idols 8-10
4. Asks for order in worship
- Head coverings and authority 11:1-6
- Communion 11:17-34
- Spiritual gifts 12-14
- About the resurrection 15
- Greeting one another 16
Famous theme passages:
Life in the church
The fruits of repentence
Spiritual gifts
Love, the highest gift 13
Communion 11:23-26
2 Corinthians
Assert his authority while also taking a softer tone than his visit 2:1
Written early 56
Outline
1. Reconciling with the church 1-7
2. Offering for Jerusalem 8-9
3. Paul's authority as an apostle 10-13
Famous theme passages:
Vision of heaven but weakness 12:1-10
Galatians
Galatia is not a single place but a region. This letter is sometimes called a "mini Romans"
Written in later 56
1. Galatian misunderstanding of the Gospel 1:1-10
2. The Law vs. Grace 1:11-2:21
3. Salvation by faith vs. salvation by works 3
4. Slaves and children inheritors 4
5. Works of the flesh and fruits of the spirit 5
6. What a Christian community should look like 6
Famous theme passages:
5:16-25
Ephesians
Ephesus was a highly religious city. There came to be an important church and said to be the last place of John and Mary
Written late summer 58
1. Mission in Christ 1-3
- Identity 1
- Grace 2:1-10
- Peace 2:11-22
- Paul's mission 3:1-13
- Paul's prayer 3:14-21
2. Walking in Christ 4-6
- Walking in unity 4:1-16
- Walking different than the world 4:17-31
- Walking carefully 5:1-21
- Walking in love 5:22-6:9
- When you can't walk, stand 6:10-24
Famous theme passages:
Grace 2:8-9; 4:25-32
Peace 2:14; 4:3
Love 2:4; 1:15; 3:17; 5:2
Walk worthy of the calling 4:1
Armor of God 6:10-20
Philippians
Roman colony and old military base
Written spring 58
Outline
1. Rejoice! Christ is life 1
2. Rejoice! Christ is our model 2
3. Rejoice! Christ is glory 3
4. Rejoice! Christ is power 4
Famous theme passages:
2:6-11 << memorize this gospel presentation
4:4-13
Homework
Colossians
Thessalonica 1/2
Prayer and worship to finish.
Three Tents: Biblical Survey: Acts
Worship
Prayer by Amah
Review of homework
Acts
"Luke-Acts"
“Acts of Jesus and the Holy Sprit”
Author and date
Overview
The opening... 1:1-5
The misison... 1:6-11
An outline on language groups
Jewish world (Aramaic speakers) 1-10
Greek world 1-11
Latin world 21-28
Another outline could be who is the main Apostle being covered…
Jerusalem
Acts 2 sermon
Acts 6 deacons
Judea & Samaria
Acts 10 sermon
Acts 11:19-30 Antioch. Elders
The ends of the earth: Greek speaking world
Missionary journeys
First journey 13:1-14:28 (year 47-49)
Jerusalem council
Second journey 15:36-18:22 (year 49-51)
Third journey 18:23-21:16 (year 52-57)
Acts 17 sermon
The ends of the earth: Rome
Acts 26 sermon
Acts 28:17-31
Romans 15:24 Paul never made it to Spain
Sermons as a genre
Consider who is speaking to whom? How does that affect the message?
How is the sermon organized? What are the main points? What is the main theme?
What does the sermon tell me about God?
What does the sermon tell me about man?
What does the sermon suggest that I do as a response?
Summary, references
The book of Acts was written by Luke to follow his Gospel, and shows how the church grew from Jerusalem, to Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth
We can learn about how to do church as we look at the examples in Acts
The sermons in Acts also show us how the message was adapted to different cultures and situations.
It has been left to us to fulfill what Paul could not
Homework
Make a small group lesson for a sermon in the book of Acts.
Practice memorizing the 66 books of the Bible
Let's let you ask questions now.
Prayer and worship to finish.
Three Tents: Biblical Survey: The Gospels
Worship
Prayer by Amah
Review of homework
Now finally we are going to start to go through the Bible section by section… Today we will start with the Gospels…
Who are the gospel writers? What are the characteristics of each gospel?
The four beasts (Ezekiel 1:5-14, 10:9-14, Revelation 4:6-11). Matt the man, Mark the Lion, Luke the Calf, John the Eagle. Other fours.
Matthew - tax collector see … better Moses. Five teachings like five books (5-7, 10, 13, 18-20, 23-25). Immanuel parallel as bookends. Written in Hebrew/Aramaic first*?
*They have the Gospel according to Matthew in its entirety in Hebrew. For it is clear that they still preserve this, in the Hebrew alphabet, as it was originally written.
— Epiphanius of Salamis, Panarion 29.9.4 (4th century)
Mark - recorded Peters testimony*. Divided into three exclamations of Jesus is the son of God. The baptism. The transfiguration. The Roman at the cross. In each case the disciples are also confused and shocked. Shorter ending on purpose?
• 15. “This also the presbyter said: Mark, having become the interpreter of Peter, wrote down accurately, though not in order, whatsoever he remembered of the things said or done by Christ. For he neither heard the Lord nor followed him, but afterward, as I said, he followed Peter, who adapted his teaching to the needs of his hearers, but with no intention of giving a connected account of the Lord’s discourses, so that Mark committed no error while he thus wrote some things as he remembered them. For he was careful of one thing, not to omit any of the things which he had heard, and not to state any of them falsely.” These things are related by Papias concerning Mark. -- Eusebius, History of the Church (late 3rd-early 4th century?)
Luke - doctor and historian. Luke and Acts are one story. Not just a history but a fulfillment (see intro 1:1-4). Very interested in the people that are impacted by the gospel, the exalting of the lowly. There are also many stories around meals... Introduction >> Galilee (4-9) Upside-down kingdom, suffering servant >> Journey (10-19) what it is to be a disciple, warnings >> Jerusalem (19-24) plan and exaltation of Jesus, uncovering the mystery
John. The beloved disciple, not in time order, purpose statement in 20:31... introduction 1, Signs and Controversy (4 institutions, 4 festivals, raising lazarus)... need to make a choice 2-12, Final words 13-17 / crucifixion, resurrection, epilogue 18-21... 7 statements of I AM
Are these accounts reliable?
Synoptic Gospels
Personal opinion: "no need for a Q."
Can the accounts be harmonized?
Jairus daughter? Mt 9:18 Mk 5:22-23 Lk 8:40-42
Bring a staff? Mk 6:8-9, Lk 9:3, Mt 10:9-10
Report of women? Mt 28:8, Mk 16:8
How many blind men on the Jericho road? Mk 10:46, Lk 18:35, Mt 20:30
Who met them at the tomb? Mt 28:5, Mk 16:5-6, Lk 24:4, John 20:11-13
What do the gospels tell us about Christ? High or low Christology?
1. Messiah - fulfillment of Jewish prophecy and hope
2. Deity - equality with father
3. Revelation - revealing of God to man in his teachings (Matt 5-7, Matt 24, Luke 6, John )
4. Deeds - Went around doing good (Luke 7. John 14-believe works)
5. Savior - the plan of salvation
Narritive as a Genre
Consider Luke 10:25-37
Like any story, what is the setting?
What are the main "scenes" or "beats" in the story? How is it structured?
Who are the characters? Are they examples or counter examples? What are their motivations?
"Who am I?" "Who is Jesus?"
Why is this story in the Bible?
Summary, references
The number four is often connected to the Gospels in the prophetic writings
Matthew, Mark, Luke and John each wrote their gospel with a different perspective and to different audiences.
The four different accounts should be considered reliable
Every one of the “contradictions” can be harmonized if you are willing to think about it.
The Gospels speak clearly of a high Christology
Narratives in the Bible invite us to consider the story and see ourselves and God in them
Homework
Make a small group lesson for a story in the Gospels
Practice memorizing the 66 books of the Bible
Let's let you ask questions now.
Prayer and worship to finish.
Three Tents: Biblical Survey: The Composition and Transmission of Cannon
Worship
Prayer by Amah
Review of homework
Last time we talked about Inspiration (theology of scripture) and study tools... this time I want to expand on that those themes a little bit
Thy word is a lamp unto my feet... mystery of the menorah
Psalm 119:105
Exodus 25:31-40
this is not what was meant though... it's an interesting coincidence and some would call it a "spiritual meaning" but it is not the plain meaning of the text.
So today I want to talk about the canonization of scripture
The Composition of the Canon
1. Old Testament Canon
Named sources: Numbers 21:14, Joshua 10:13, 1 Kings 14:19
Compilation of prophets: Jeremiah 36:1-4, 32
Wisdom books compiled: Pr 1:1, Pr 22:17, Pr 25:1, Pr 30:1, Pr 31:1
Seams in the psalms books... Ps 41, Ps 72, Ps 89, Ps 106, Ps 150
Compare Dt 34:10-12 / Josh 1:1-9 with Malachi 4:4-6 / Psalm 1:1-3
DATING: Composition and compilation likely finished about 400 - 500 BC… already translated to Greek in the 300s BC. Various artifacts found with very old text matching current editions
2. New Testament composition/dating
Gospels - John 21:25, Luke 1:1-4
Epistles - Colossians 4:16, 2 Peter 3:15-16
Revelation 1:1, 22:18-19
DATING: None mention the temple destruction.. everything likely was written before AD70
The scope of scripture
So... 66 books? When did that happen? some time after the exile but before Jesus we got the old testament fixed as a set of scrolls stored up in the temple. Origen (185-253) tells us a list of accepted scripture that is basically what we have now.
Matthew first sounded the priestly trumpet in his Gospel; Mark also; Luke and John each played their own priestly trumpets. Even Peter cries out with trumpets in two of his epistles; also James and Jude. In addition, John also sounds the trumpet through his epistles, and Luke, as he describes the Acts of the Apostles. And now that last one comes, the one who said, ‘I think God displays us apostles last’ [1 Cor 4:9], and in fourteen of his epistles, thundering with trumpets, he casts down the walls of Jericho and all the devices of idolatry and dogmas of philosophers, all the way to the foundations.
— Origen (Homily on Joshua)
What didn’t make the cut?
Deuterocanon: Greek OT (LXX) books: Maccabees
Apocrypha: Gospel of Thomas, 1 Enoch,
Apostolic fathers and later: 1 Clement, Shepherd of Hermas, Didache
You can read these and they’ll give you insight… but they aren’t scripture
We believe in a "Closed Canon"… as well as prophecy that is “already but not yet”
Correct transmission to today
Manuscripts and text criticism
(Examining a variant) Mk 1:1 in B vs. ℵ (Is he the Son of God?)
Hebrew: Leningrad / Aleppo
"what is written (Ketiv), what is spoken (Qere)" in Ps 100:3 -> “The lord made us / We did not make ourselves”
Comparison to data backups for today
(a) Multiple copies
(b) Spread out geographically
(c) Consistency check in grammar forms and translations
Comparison to the Quran, other books of ancient literature
WISDOM LITERATURE AS A GENRE
Consider Proverbs 26:1-12
Lots of pictures... for "wisdom" its not clear like instructions
Written as commands but consider the pair: Proverbs 26:4-5
Also not promises… generalizations
In many ways, these are worded in such a way that you need to carefully consider what it means... the "work" of thinking about what it means in different circumstances is the point...
They focus on the individual versus nations
They rarely mention things like the temple, sacrificial system, or the law
They rarely mention Old Testament historical events, like the exodus, the monarchy, and the division and fall of the northern and southern kingdoms
There is little interest in politics, history, acts of God, miracles, sin, forgiveness, and the like
Read for the overall message. Taking bits and pieces out of context can result in misapplication.
Consider the terms and categories of Hebrew wisdom, as well as its styles and modes.
Understand what the book at hand is all about so that you can follow the line of argument.
Summary, references
The OT composition was a complex process but around 500BC there were fixed books
NT composition was relatively easy and probably completed before 70AD
The 66 books were widely accepted, and other books widely rejected prior to the councils of the 300s
The transmission of manuscripts today tells us that we can trust the text was not corrupted
Wisdom literature is meant to make you do the work of thinking how to apply it
Homework
Make a small group lesson for some wisdom literature (Ecclesiastes)
Practice memorizing the 66 books of the Bible
Let's let you ask questions now.
Prayer and worship to finish.
Three Tents: Biblical Survey: Theology of the Bible and Bible Study Tools
Worship
Prayer by Amah
Review of homework
We’ve now finished looking at the prerequisites, I hope you continue to share the gospel, continue to grow as a big brother or big sister in the church, and have a rich devotional life. Now we will go on to the first main course: Biblical Survey.. But before we do, I just want to remind you what the overall course is:
What I teach is called Biblical Theology. “Theology” is a big broad subject with thousands of years of development. Broadly speaking Theology can be broken into three major streams of study: Biblical Theology, Systematic Theology, and Applied Theology. (Other streams like Historical Theology, etc., also exist). These three streams of theology overlap in some ways and contribute to each other, but let me give examples of each kind of theology so you get an idea of what we are doing in this course.
Applied theology focuses on topics like: Missiology, Evangelism, Ecclesiology, Christian Counseling, Christian ethics, Discipleship, Leadership... It uses a variety of approaches to advance understanding and find practical solutions in these fields.
Systematic theology focuses on topics like: Christology, study of the atonement, Christian philosophy, etc. It generally starts with a question and then looks across the breadth of scripture to answer it. A good place to start learning about Systematic Theology is by learning catechisms. Here are a few in Indonesian.
NEW CITY CATECHISM (Indonesian)
WESTMINISTER CATECHISM (Indonesian)
Biblical theology focuses on topics like: hermeneutics, language studies, author studies, book studies, genre, discourse, etc. It generally starts with the Bible, and as we read it we learn things about systematic and applied theology, but the starting point is understanding the Bible.
Goals for the Biblical Survey Class
Learn basic theology of the bible
Learn basic apologetics about the bible
Learn the major themes of each of the books of the bible
Learn the context of the books in time and geography
Be able to study a passage at multiple levels using various resources
Be able to prepare small group bible studies for each major genre of scripture
Be able to look up commentary on difficult to understand passages to answer questions
Today we start with the basic theology of the bible and learning about study tool
Theology of the Bible
(1) Learning the Bible requires
You are a spirit-filled believer Lk 24:13-35
A pure heart Mt 5:8
Humility Ps 25:9
Application Mk 7:10-13
Purpose to become Christlike 2Co 3:18
The Bible belongs to the family of faith,
is by the family of faith,
it to the family of faith,
so that the family will grow in faith
(2) Attributes of the Bible
Inspired 2Tim3:14-17, 2Pet1:19-21, 2Sam 23:1-2
Authoritative: Everyone is subject to the Bible. Man is not above the Bible to interpret it, the Bible is over man to interpret man.
Sufficient: God has spoken all that we need for his revelation
Relevant: There is no one that can say the Bible is not relevant to me.
Clarity: The Bible generally means what it says in a way that we can understand. It is not generally understood to be allegory.
Inerrant: There are no mistakes in the word of God. (we will look at this more carefully next time… but there are some extra notes)
(3) How many layers of voices are there to the Bible?
What I will call here “voices” refers to things that influence the message that we are receiving. Let’s consider what is between us and God directly.
★ GOD
☆[Internal] The Bible interpreting the Bible (especially, New Testament authors quoting LXX)
☆[Internal] Apostolic author
[Internal] Intended author (‘voice’ of the author)
[Internal] First scribe
☆[Internal] Genre of the text (discourse? history? poetry? law? wisdom? prophecy?)
☆[Internal] Narrator in the text
☆[Internal] Character in the text (could be first, second or third person)
☆[Internal] Listener in the text (Job’s friends, Nicodemus in John 3, etc.)
[External] Original manuscripts (Urtext)
☆[Internal] Intended reader (direct recipient)
[Internal] Initial readers (first generation readers)
[External] Textual critics
☆[External] Translators, translation committees
★SCRIPTURE
□[External] Publisher, app/digital platform developer
□[External] Environmental conditions and personal state of mind
★ ME (the first person, and my response/application)
A second person and their response/application
A third person and their response/application
☆Be aware of and consider these levels
□ Be aware of and mute these levels
Levels of Bible Study
Examining the Forest, the Woods, the Trees, the Branches and Leaves
The Forest: Overall sections of the Bible
The Woods: Books, sections and discourse
The Trees: Sentences and verses
The Branches and Leaves: Language and word studies
Tools for every Level
Examining the forest
This course
Examining the Woods
Outlining sections (let’s try Psalm 2)
Examining the Trees
Grammar diagrams: https://www.drivennails.com/jobpsalms-diagrams
Examining the Branches
Passage commentary: Matthew Henry’s Commentary in Indonesian
Examining the Leaves
Doing a word study: Using Strong’s numbers in Indonesian
One Genre to Consider: Poetry
We already made an outline of Psalm 2, but in addition to an outline, for biblical poetry it can be useful to consider these points:
Repetition
Parallels/constrasts
Chiasm
Allegory/clarity
Negative/positive changes to the tone
Changes in perspective or pronouns
Overall meaning of the poem
How do the words/images help bring the overall meaning to life?
Preparing a Small Group Study
Prayerfully study a passage carefully using the tools: understand the book context, make an outline and/or grammar diagram, do word studies of key words
Consider how the passage represents a genre of text to deepen your appreciation of the text
Consider how the passage is connected to good news
Prepare several questions for the study that focus on the main theme
Read a commentary afterwards to learn more
Summary
We are studying Biblical Theology. Maybe you are also interested in applied or systematic. We will also answer those questions, but from a Biblical Theology approach.
The Bible is primarily for people of faith. The Bible is inspired and therefore infallible, authoritative, etc.
When reading the Bible, it can be useful to consider the many different voices to make sure we try to hear God’s voice.
We study the Bible on many levels, and there are good tools to assist us at learning at every level.
Poetry uses language in a special way to create memorable pictures that are often an allegory for something else.
Homework
Prepare a small group study for a Psalm
Practice memorizing the 66 books of the Bible
Let's let you ask questions now.
How much is lost in translation from Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek?
Prayer and worship to finish.
Three Tents: Prerequisites: Devotional Life
Worship
Prayer by Amah
Review of homework
We are talking about prerequisites for studying Biblical theology, and we have said, you need to believe the Gospel, and be committed to your church family. The next thing I consider a prerequisite for someone to study the Bible in depth is a private devotional life.
I've gone through many different seasons with regard to my personal devotions. Right now, I prefer to read the bible devotionally at my breakfast table. My wife I think likes to read throughout the day as she has time. When the children were younger it was more difficult and we had to make other arrangements. Today I'm going to present one way, but this does not need to be law for you.
“We must know before we can love. In order to know God, we must often think of Him; and when we come to love Him, we shall then also think of Him often, for our heart will be with our treasure.”
-- Brother Lawrence, The Practice of the Presence of God
Matthew 6:6
Journaling?
One woman leader I know has described journaling or devotional time as her date time with Jesus. Would you like to go on a date? I don't know how you do relationships in Indonesia or at Kefas Church so hopefully Amah can help me to give appropriate advice... When you go on a date, you choose the time and place carefully and wait with expectation for a private encounter to really get to know each other.
“I never knew you”
Matthew 7:21-23
As much as I want to know God, it's even more important that he knows me. How is it possible for me to do something to help him remember me. It's not the deeds, it's in the relationship. We prepare for "quality time," listen to the voice of God and are led by his love.
The Journaling Process
Pray and give thanks
Read the bible passage carefully, slowly, repeatedly, thinking on the meaning... like a love letter
Ask two or three questions.... why does it say this? why is it said like this? You can focus on the overall message and how it fits in context, as well as on smaller phrases or words
Speak to God without pretending to be someone else, speak honestly.
Write down applications you can practice and ask the Holy Spirit to help
So let's break it down carefully:
Prayer
Some lessons from the Lord's prayer: Matthew 6:9-13, Luke 11:2-4
ACTS (Adoration, Confession, Thanksgiving, Supplication)
Children's special words: "I love you" + "I'm sorry" + "Thank you" + "Please"
Pronouns: "we"/"our" - always have a list (world church/missions, workplace, local church, neighbors, family)
Read
Don't read it like an email... read it like a hand-written love letter.
With a heart full of love for the one who wrote this to you
Repeat the good parts
Think about the words
Ask questions about what it means
I went through different seasons... Ephesians aloud was a season.
Observation
When we eat, the food is important, but even more important is the fellowship with the person that we are eating with. The most fun meal is one where we are enjoying a close time with friends and family. As we take daily bread with our Father, we remember that great conversations are built on great questions.
Why did you say that? Why did you do that? What does this mean in context? What does this one word mean?
Let's ask our Father some of these questions. God wants to speak clearly to us, so let's ask him to clarify. Let's try to discover who God is and write down what we discover.
The best conversations happen when we are not multitasking. You have to really show up. Maybe that's why you should try a paper bible and a notebook. I've actually found commuting to be good for me sometimes since I can't be too distracted.
How else can we have good conversation with friends and family? It requires an interest in the other person and asking questions. One-way conversations are not fun. It requires honest, gratitude, encouragement, and mutual acceptance. Let's write this conversation down as we continue to think about God.
Application
Applications should be 3P: Personal, Practical, Possible.
Personal means not for someone else, but an application for yourself. Practical means you can choose a specific time, place, person, method, etc. for acting on what you learned. Possible means that you can actually check whether you successfully accomplished it.
Habakkuk 2:2
Ask for the Holy Spirit to help
There are things we cannot change on our own. Let's ask the Lord for his help to bring change to every circumstance as we offer ourselves to him.
John 14:16, 1 John 4:4, Luke 4:18, Romans 12:1-2
Another way to remember the steps is the abbreviation SOAP: Scripture, Observations, Applications, Prayer
The importance of the word
Matthew 4:4
As we make the word part of our daily food, we learn God's love for us, we are changed into the one he made us to be, and we become fruitful in our way of life. If you truly stay in the word you will not wander into sin. A person who starts to prioritize other things is in danger.
Journal is not an obligation!
Don't feel let down when you miss a day. You don't punish yourself if you miss a meal. Journaling is like eating for your spiritual life. If you miss a meal you can have a bigger dinner! On the other hand, you don't get a star if you collect all the days finished. Journaling is its own reward, because you can experience the real presence of God in your own life for yourself.
John 15:4
Summary
A mark of healthy Christians is that they should be in love with God as expressed in devotions
Journaling is a method that helps us to remember to do the important things: Read the scripture, converse with the Holy Spirit, grow as a disciple of Christ and pray for our Christian family and neighbors
There’s no single right way, but this way is a good way that you can try
Homework
Do you do devotions every day? What are things that keep you from your devotions?
Try journaling each day this week. I'd love to hear what God spoke to you, if it is something you can share.
Let's let you ask questions now.
Praying for enemies?
Should we worship?
Prayer and worship to finish.
Three Tents: Prerequisites: Church Family Culture
Worship
Prayer by Amah
Review of homework
What’s your culture?
Every family has its own unspoken rules and ways of doing things that are a little different than other homes and families. What is the “culture” of your church family? What is expected of the “big brothers” and “big sisters” of the family?
Church culture includes things like shared beliefs, shared values, and shared practices. From early times, Christians have put together these ideas in creeds like the Apostle’s Creed, documents like the Didache, letters like those of Paul and the Apostolic Fathers, and various catechisms through the ages. At New Heart this means:
We believe in the gospel and in the Bible, and we affirm the Apostle’s Creed.
We value all people and treat them all with love, gratitude and grace.
We practice a private and public devotional life, generous acts of kindness towards both believers and neighbors, and strive to follow the example of Christ in every area of our lives.
I believe in God, the Father almighty,
creator of heaven and earth.I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord,
who was conceived by the Holy Spirit
and born of the virgin Mary.
He suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, died, and was buried;
he descended to hell.
The third day he rose again from the dead.
He ascended to heaven
and is seated at the right hand of God the Father almighty.
From there he will come to judge the living and the dead.I believe in the Holy Spirit,
the holy catholic* church,
the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body,
and the life everlasting. Amen.— The Apostle’s Creed
The Apostle’s Creed in Indonesian
What is a “Disciple”? What are our practices?
Greek for “disciple” is “mathetes”. Just like the “math” you can see in the word “mathetes,” becoming a disciple involves following a pattern.
“Chiasm” Greek letter “Chi” -> X
All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.
Therefore go and make disciples of all nations,
baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,
and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you.
And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age
Kepada-Ku telah diberikan segala kuasa di sorga dan di bumi.
Karena itu pergilah, jadikanlah semua bangsa murid-Ku
dan baptislah mereka dalam nama Bapa dan Anak dan Roh Kudus,
dan ajarlah mereka melakukan segala sesuatu yang telah Kuperintahkan kepadamu.
Dan ketahuilah, Aku menyertai kamu senantiasa sampai kepada akhir zaman.
What did Jesus Command?
The two most important commands. Matthew 22:36-40
Restatement of the Ten Commandments. Mark 10:17-21
Matthew 5-7; Especially Chapter 6: (1) Generosity (2) Prayer (3) Fasting
A “new command” John 13:34-35
The Great Commission
Values of Kefas Church Culture
I interviewed Pastor Amah to find out about the culture of Kefas Church. To find out about what he looks for in mature “big brothers” and “big sisters” in the local church family.
Just as Simon became Cephas, or Peter, he hopes the church is a place of transformation and reidentification. Simon means reed. Cephas means rock. Paul says Peter is a pillar of the church (Gal 2.9). Jesus asks Peter to strengthen the brothers (Lk 22.32). Kefas Church is called to bless the nation and see many be saved.
Discipleship in Kefas Church involves:
Meeting and engaging neighbors
Discipleship
Sending
With regards to discipleship, Pastor Amah emphasizes that we should become more like Christ (as opposed to trying to become more like your leader).
Leaders at Kefas Church are expected to “lead with heart.” This means:
Like a shepherd, providing safety.
Having a heart that cares for people
Practicing forgiveness
Accepting people of all backgrounds
Not having an iron hand, but loving the people they lead
Sharing life, not like a boss and employee
Recognizing the family relationship (or best friend relationship)
Leadership is not a status that sets someone apart, but actually brings you closer together
Big brothers and big sisters should be:
Quick to welcome new people and give them a “seat at the table”
Involved in planning and sharing in group activities including worship, devotions
Praying for and with brothers and sisters, preparing life with room to share, and actively visiting with brothers and neighbors to be familiar with their issues. (“A shepherd should smell like the sheep”)
Reading through the Bible in a year
Growing in the fruit of the Spirit
Summary:
Culture consists of shared beliefs, values, and practices
In Church, leadership is about being a big brother or big sister to the family, and welcoming to your neighbors
The best place to grow as a disciple is the church
If people have fallen away from church, let’s lovingly walk with them back into church
If people in the church are not embracing the beliefs, values or practices of the church, let’s be a good model for them and encourage them as big brothers and big sisters
Homework
① How would you describe the culture of your church to someone that is new? How is it different from the world? How is it different from other churches?
② Are there areas of this church family culture that you struggle with? What are they?
③ How would you like to grow into a better “big brother” or “big sister” for your church family?
④ I would love to hear a testimony about how you were a big brother or big sister in your church family this week.
Let's let you ask questions now.
How do we relate to people that believe but are not part of the church?
How do we relate to people that are part of the church but don’t have the culture?
Prayer and worship to finish.
Three Tents: Prerequisites: Believe
Worship
Prayer by Amah
Review of homework
Do you believe?
Gospel -> good news...
Indonesian "injil" comes via arabic from greek "euangelion" "eu" (good) + "angellion" (message)
(Japanese "fukuin" means "lucky sound"...)
Gospel Presentation
4 spiritual laws. godtoolsapp.com
Other Mnemonics: Physical presentation? Beads?
A roman road in Tarsus.
Romans Road
Romans 3:23
Romans 5:8
Romans 6:23
Romans 10:9-13
W5H about "salvation"
Who is saved? Romans 9:15-16
Why are they saved? John 3:16-17
What does it mean to be saved? 1 John 1:5-2:6 (Mormons and communion? Catholics and suicide?) (saved from separation sin, sickness, curse, damnation) (salvation of animals? Revelation 5:13, Ecclesiastes 3:21, Titus 3:9)
Where does salvation occur? the cross is a door to salvation... Luke 17:21 the kingdom is within you
When is one saved? (which do you save, baby or mother?) Jeremiah 1:5
How is one saved? Ephesians 2:8-10 Jesus saves. The confession is the proof. Obedience is a sign.
Sin is a barrier to intimacy with God
Genesis 3 God created us and wanted intimacy, but we hide ourselves from his presence
Guilty feelings - 1 John 1:7, John 8:32
Past hurts Luke 4:18-19
Fear of surrender - Romans 8:31
Critical spirit - Romans 14:10-13, 1 Thess 5:9-11
Self imposed limitations - 2 Corinthians 10:4-6
1 John 2:16-17 Lust of eyes, lust of flesh, pride of life
Instead, I invite Jesus into every room of my heart, Christ’s home.
The promise of salvation
Relationship with God Revelation 3:20
Forgiveness of sin 1 John 1:9
Healing of every illness Psalm 103:3
Breaking off every curse Galatians 5:1
In-filling of the Holy Spirit Ephesians 1:13
Spiritual fruitfulness ("good life") Galatians 5:19-25
Eternal life Revelations 21:3-5
Others: identity, mission, family, etc.
"The five solas state that Christians are saved by grace alone, through faith alone, in Christ alone, as revealed by Scripture alone, to the glory of God alone"
Summary:
Jesus Saves!
Salvation is about far more than heaven
Our confession is confirmation of his work
Our obedience is a sign that we are born again
What is the nature of salvation? what is the nature of sin?
Some questions: suicide, babies, animals, predestination
Homework
Present what you believe about the gospel to someone this week. Did you feel comfortable explaining it? Do you still have any questions about who is saved, how they are saved, and what it means to be saved?
Let's let you ask questions now.
Is a person saved that didn’t make a clear confession of faith before they died?
Is a person saved that made a confession once, but never lived it out for years afterwards?
Prayer and worship to finish.
Luke 2: The Birth of Jesus
(a) Apologetics information on harmonizing the timing: While the two accounts from Matthew and Luke can be mostly made to harmonize into a single timeline, the dates are confused by about ten years if you accept the Josephus date for the census of Quirinius. There is reason to believe that the date of the census given by Josephus is incorrect (source). Furthermore, the word “first” implies that the one mentioned by Josephus is a “second” or subsequent one. The Greek of Luke also doesn’t give Quirinius a specific title, and it may be that he conducted the census before becoming Prefect or that the one mentioned by Josephus is as part of a second term (pdf, source). Pulling this information together, here are some resources about establishing a specific date.
(PDF versions saved for posterity)
(b) While harmonizing is important from a historical standpoint, from a literary perspective, the contrasts are interesting in examining the thrust of each author. Matthew presents Jesus as being part of a well-to-do family with resources to travel and a home, is visited by Magi, traveling freely under the direction of angels. Matthew makes the bad guys the Jewish betrayer Herods. The flight to Egypt sets up a contrast between Jesus and Moses, as well as the “to all nations” conclusion. Luke presents Jesus as being of lesser means, with no space in the inn and visited by shepherds, traveling under the compulsion of the decree of the Romans. Luke makes the bad guys the external Roman conquerors. The temple encounters show the prophetic spirit and therapeutic emphasis of Luke.
(c) We are currently in a series on Luke, so with the Lucan distinctives in mind, what can we understand that this gospel wants to say to us or ask of us.
Jesus is with the lowly and humble of heart. Am I so?
The appearance of Jesus brought great joy to people of every station. Do I have joy at the appearance of the Lord in my life still?
The people he appeared to were all eagerly awaiting his coming. Am I waiting with hunger and thirst?
In all cases, the people went out glorifying God and proclaiming that redemption had come to Israel. Am I faithful in proclaiming the message?
No Longer Silent (Outline)
v61
"None of your relatives is called by this name”
「あなたの親族の内、この名前のある人がいない」
Your unique identity, God’s unique plan
唯一のあなた、神様の唯一の計画
v64
“and he spoke blessing God”
「彼が話して神を祝福した」
Silent no longer… remembering and proclaiming the promise
もう静かにしない 約束を覚えて宣言する
v66
“What then will this child be?”
「この子は一体なにものになるでしょうか」
Identity as important for creating a new way of life
新しい習慣を創造するため「アイデンティティ（自己認識）」の重要性
1:76
“You will be called a prophet of the Most High”
「君はいと高き方の預言者と呼ばれるよ！」
Great Commission
大宣教命令
Magnificat (From Observation to Explanation)
As a protestant, I’ve always felt a natural aversion to the song of Mary as leaning towards Roman idolatry. When she sings “from now on all generations will call me blessed,” it disturbed me and challenged me. How should I understand this phrase, when there are millions of Catholic believers around the world that interpret this as confirmation of a position I disagree with? The easy answer is to just shrug and flip the page. In fact, if I weren’t committed to a five-ish year journey of commenting on the whole New Testament, my temptation to do this very thing on this pass through Luke. On closer inspection, I’ve fallen in love with this poem. It rightly finds its place repeated among the Odes of the Septuagint as a song that should be sung by all believers.
Mary’s Song of Praise: The Magnificat
46 And Mary said,
“My soul magnifies the Lord,
47 and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior,
48 for he has looked on the humble estate of his servant.
For behold, from now on all generations will call me blessed;
49 for he who is mighty has done great things for me,
and holy is his name.
50 And his mercy is for those who fear him
from generation to generation.
51 He has shown strength with his arm;
he has scattered the proud in the thoughts of their hearts;
52 he has brought down the mighty from their thrones
and exalted those of humble estate;
53 he has filled the hungry with good things,
and the rich he has sent away empty.
54 He has helped his servant Israel,
in remembrance of his mercy,
55 as he spoke to our fathers,
to Abraham and to his offspring forever.”
—Luke 1:46–55 (ESV)
1. Abraham’s Promise Fulfilled in Mary and Me
As with many pieces of Biblical poetry, the keys for unlocking the layered intent of the author lies at the end, where the climax is reached with the clearest statement of intent. Skipping to there we discover that Mary’s song is not about honoring Mary, but verse55 reveals that this is about the fulfillment of the promise to Abraham.
12:1 Now the LORD said to Abram, “Go from your country and your kindred and your father’s house to the land that I will show you. 2 And I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, and him who dishonors you I will curse, and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed.” — Genesis 12:1–3 (ESV)
15:5 And he brought him outside and said, “Look toward heaven, and number the stars, if you are able to number them.” Then he said to him, “So shall your offspring be.” 6 And he believed the LORD, and he counted it to him as righteousness. — Genesis 15:5–6 (ESV)
17:5 No longer shall your name be called Abram, but your name shall be Abraham, for I have made you the father of a multitude of nations. 6 I will make you exceedingly fruitful, and I will make you into nations, and kings shall come from you. 7 And I will establish my covenant between me and you and your offspring after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and to your offspring after you. — Genesis 17:5–7 (ESV)
In this context, “from now on all generations will call me blessed,” is not a statement about Mary herself, but a declaration for all that call Abraham the father of their faith. This song is a declaration for every believer in Christ in the style of some worship songs and hymns that proclaim “I am blessed,” I am loved,” or the “You do all things well, just look at our lives” boasting of the old Kevin Prosch song His Banner Over Me. With the centrality of the Abrahamic blessing now clear, the seven separate phrases in Mary’s song referring to the generational nature of the blessing reinforce that this is a song of the fulfillment of Genesis 12, Genesis 15, and Genesis 17.
2. The Suffering Servant, Israel and Christ
However, this song is not just about a fulfillment of Abraham’s promise. The singer refers to their state as humiliated. The word for the humble state, is one of destitution. The one who has been abused and pillaged and plundered. Mary’s song is also about the conditions of Israel (c.f. verse 54) in the first century under Roman rule even as much as it is about the young virgin who finds herself pregnant before marriage. It is the nation of Israel in the first-person, decrying their shame and declaring the inauguration of their mighty saviour so that from now on all generations will call her blessed.
Another clear referent of the humiliation through the repeated theme of the “first-person” voice of the song as a suffering servant of verse 48 and 54 is the messianic promises of Isaiah 53.
11 Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied;
by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant,
make many to be accounted righteous,
and he shall bear their iniquities.
12 Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many,
and he shall divide the spoil with the strong,
because he poured out his soul to death
and was numbered with the transgressors;
yet he bore the sin of many,
and makes intercession for the transgressors.
—Isaiah 53:11–12 (ESV)
So this song is the prophetic voice expressing words from the mouth of the Christ. This song draws together the threads of Isaiah’s suffering servant with the fulfillment of Abraham’s promise as can be expected of the Pauline companion Luke, so that the one who will be called blessed by all generations is also Jesus, our Lord, “who for the joy set before him endured the cross, despising the same and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God” (Hebrews 12:2).
3. Summary
In this way, the first-person singing this song echoes multiple voices joined together in harmony. Yes, Mary, but also the first-century Jewish believer that saw the inauguration of a new kind of kingdom, the messiah, and the Christian of today all join in chorus to say: “my soul magnifies the Lord and my spirit praises God my saviour, for he has looked upon the humble state of his servant and from now on all generations will call me blessed because of the mighty deeds he has done for me.”
Reference: Observations on the Greek Structure of the Magnificat
Magnificat
I was struck by the beauty of the poetry as I read this in Greek and the way the sentence formation patterns are varied to stress different themes.
The whole first movement has the pattern VERB-FIRST PERSON-GOD, with two lines about FIRST PERSON’s action towards God followed by two lines about God’s action to the FIRST PERSON. Similar phrasing patterns give structure and outline to the other sections of the poem, used to build contrast or harmony around key themes.
At the center of the poem is the SERVANT, who is in a humiliated state. But the lofty will be confused, the powerful cast down and rich left empty while the humble shall be lifted and the hungry filled with goodness. The language of the suffering servant has echoes from Isaiah 53, so the identity of the FIRST PERSON is expanded, being revealed to be both the nation of Israel and the servant CHILD of God at the same time as Mary herself.
All generations calling FIRST PERSON blessed is echoed with Abraham and his seed, pointing to the promise fulfillment in Christ. Seven times we learn about the eternal nature of this fulfillment as highlighted in light blue with references to yesterday, today and forevermore.
ユダ デボーション
ユダ 「神の愛にい続ける」
Jude “Staying in the Love of God”
Three keys to staying in love. 愛され続ける３つのポイント
Who is Jude and who is he writing to?
Jude 20-21
20 ὑμεῖς δέ, ἀγαπητοί,*
⸂ἐποικοδομοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς τῇ ἁγιωτάτῃ ὑμῶν πίστει⸃,*
ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ προσευχόμενοι⸆,
21 ἑαυτοὺς ἐν ἀγάπῃ θεοῦ ⸀τηρήσατε
προσδεχόμενοι τὸ ἔλεος τοῦ κυρίου ⸂ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς ζωὴν⸃ αἰώνιον.* 1
Beloved,
building your living space upon your faith, most holy,
praying in the Holy Spirit,
expecting mercy, from our Lord Jesus Christ, to eternal life,
stay in God’s love.
愛されているあなた方へ、
何よりも聖い、あなたの信仰の上に自分の住む場所を建て上げて
また、聖霊によって祈って、
私たちの主イエスキリストからの、
永遠のいのちへとの、
憐れみを期待して
神に愛され続けなさい。
The walls of Sparta
The beloved,
Exegete...
“Beloved”, building on a foundation of your faith most holy. Praying in the Holy Spirit. Keep in the love of God. Waiting for Jesus and eternal life.
The central verb is Keep in the love! Do not be moved! … the other three describe how to stay in it.
Love is at the center of the commands. It is at the center of the prophets. It is the identity of God.
Keep building
Faith is a foundation, we can only be sure of what is tested. If you’ve struggled with fear, know that you are called to faith. it is most holy, it is a place to live, we continue to build on it. You won’t know it until it is tested. This will keep you in love
Keep praying
Praying in the Holy Spirit. Rhema had cancer. This will keep you in love.
Keep expecting
Waiting for his mercy (relief, rescue, aid), from Jesus, to eternal life This will keep you in love.
If you love me you will keep my commands.
The rescuer,
Am I my brother’s keeper?
He who saves a brother
Our hope
Jesus himself
who is Jesus and why does he matter to you today.
Jesus my hope
Questions:
Do you sometimes struggle feel the love of God in your life?